Pdf evidence for the dispersal of a unique lineage from. Moreover, in the sugarcane plantations of ethiopia, on average more than two million affected stools are. The generic position of ustilago maydis, ustilago scitaminea. Studies were started at kesref, kibos in year 2004 to assess yield loss.
Different compounds from a crude fungal extract were separated by capillary electrophoresis. The smut whip is a curved black structure which emerges from the leaf whorl, and which aids in the spreading of the disease. Role of polyamines in the infection of sugarcane buds by. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
The generic position of ustilago maydis, ustilago scitaminea, and ustilago esculenta ustilaginales article in mycological progress 11. Barbados 42231 with teliospores of ustilago scitaminea changes the pattern of polyamine conjugation in several org. Progress has been made in studies of the molecular basis of sugarcane smut resistance. The activity of pathogenesis related proteins in smut. Pdf reaction of twenty sugarcane clones to smut disease. The sugarcane smut fungus, ustilago scitaminea, first appeared in australia in the. Ustilago maydis is a type of yeast that inhabits dead soil or plant environments. Inoculation of in vitro cultivated sugarcane with smut. A list of fungi and plant parasitic bacteria, viruses and nematodes in fiji. The concentration of ascorbic acid is adversely affected by the presence of different plant pathologists. The spores germinate in wet conditions on the plant surface and infect the.
Pdf some biological parameters of the sugarcane smut fungus. In order to study the genetic diversity of sugarcane smut fungus,ustilago scitaminea syd. A taqman realtime pcr assay for detection and quantification of sporisorium scitamineum in. It is easily identified by the characteristic whiplike sorus that forms from the apex of infected stalks spreading huge quantities of spores. Production of glycolipid biosurfactants, mannosylerythritol lipids, by a smut fungus, ustilago scitaminea nbrc 32730 tomotake morita,1 yuko ishibashi,2 tokuma fukuoka,1 tomohiro imura,1 hideki sakai, 2masahiko abe, and dai kitamoto1. According to a yield loss assessment study carried out at metahara, smut accounted for 19 to 43% cane yield loss 2. The sugarcane smut fungus, ustilago scitaminea, first appeared in australia in the ord river irrigation area oria in july 1998. This page was last edited on 14 february 2014, at 17. Sugarcane plants of the cultivar b72 191 have been cultivated in tubes and inoculated with a pure culture of smut fungus ustilago scitaminea sydow in an otherwise microorganism free environment. Relationships between phenolicsconjugated polyamines and. Beck 1894 introduced the genus melanopsichium for a taxon. It is transmitted by airborne spores that are produced from a whiplike structure. Stalks of infected plants contain shspermidine that does not occur in the healthy organ.
Sugarcane smut caused by the fungus ustilago scitaminea is considered the most important disease of sugarcane in kenya. Melproducing fungi were identified using an efficient screening method for the glycolipid production and taxonomical classification on the basis of ribosomal rna sequences. Pdf establishment of an in vitro regeneration system as. Pdf control of sugarcane smut ustilago scitaminea syd disease. Dela cueva2 1philippine sugar research institute, victorias exptl station, vmc compound, victorias city, negros occidental.
Differential gene expression in sugarcane in response to. Some important diseases and pests of sugarcane in nigeria and. Smut disease assessment by pcr and microscopy in inoculated tissue cultured sugarcane cultivars smut disease assessment by pcr and microscopy in inoculated tissue cultured sugarcane cultivars singh, n. Differentiation of ustilago scitaminea surrounding area or to the beltsville isolates in greenhouse tests. Genetic variation in a worldwide collection of the sugarcane smut fungus ustilago scitaminea by k. Isolation and characterisation of some endophytic bacteria from papua new guinea sugarcane. Sugarcane smut is caused by the fungus, ustilago scitaminea sydow, and it is one of the most serious diseases of sugarcane comstock, 2000. There is, however, no genetic transformation method for it. More precisely, sporisorium contains at least 60 taxa originally classi. Pdf possibilities for the control of sugarcane smut ustilago. Diseasefree canes of the varieties used in the infection experiments were obtained.
This seedcane was free shortly after planting is likely to be an important factor in from all systemic diseases before planting or before inocu the development of epidemics. Early detection and proper identification of the smut are an essential requirement in its management practice. Using cdnaaflp along with silver staining, a total of 6 transcriptderived fragments tdfs were found to be differentially expressed in response to challenge by u. Isolation and identification of yeastlike and mycelial. Based on field observations and laboratory tests, hocp 96540 does not appear to be any more susceptible to the sugarcane yellow leaf virus than current commercially grown cultivars. Sorokin described endothlaspis in 1890 for two smuts, on sor. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Evidence for the dispersal of a unique lineage from asia. It is known as a dimorphic fungus because it can grow in two. Ustilago scitaminea information from itis the integrated taxonomic information system itis provides authoritative taxonomic information on ustilago scitaminea, as well as other plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of north america and the world.
Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Genetic diversity of ustilago scitaminea in mainland china. To improve transformation efficiency, a range of conditions, including the codonusage preference of the selection marker gene. The disease has had a long history of spread around the world. Reaction of twenty sugarcane clones to smut disease ustilago scitaminea sydow. The disease was first reported in kenya in 1958 necessitating compulsory planting of smutresistant cultivars in 1963. Chlorogenic acid is associated with the sh fraction from the stem of healthy plants although this changes to free.
Bses recognised the threat from smut and prepared a contingency plan in 1997 croft and magarey, 1997 and commenced screening of australian. This document is ssagr208, one of a series of the agronomy department, florida cooperative extension service, institute of food and agricultural sciences, university of florida. It has since been reported in most of the sugarcanegrowing countries in asia and africa in the eastern hemisphere 1. Intriguingly, mig21 is part of a gene cluster comprising five highly homologous and similarly regulated genes designated mig21 to mig25. Ustilago scitaminea, is a major sugarcane disease worldwide, and it can cause a 2050% loss in cane yield, and up to 75% reduction in sugar production 4,5. Here we report the development of an efficient mutagenesis method based on agrobacterium tumefaciensmediated transformation. Mycoparasitism on sugarcane smut ustilago scitaminea syd. Differential gene expression in sugarcane during sugarcane ustilago scitaminea interaction was conducted in a smutresistant genotype. These compounds produced changes in the accumulation of free phenolics and enhanced phenylalanine ammonialyase and peroxidase activities in sugar. Ustilago scitaminea, was reported to be the causal agent of sugarcane smut and it belongs to class basidiomycetes, subclass ustilaginomycetidae, order ustilaginales, family ustilaginaceae, includes a group of phytopathogenic fungi vanky, 1999. Diseases of sugarcane red rot colletotrichum falcatum perfect stage.
Indian journal of mycology and plant pathology, 222. All the canes were detrashed and the smut whips removed. Possibilities for the control of sugarcane smut ustilago scitaminea with. Sugarcane smut disease, caused by ustilago scitaminea syd. Although, apparently disease free setts are used for planting new crop, but the causal pathogen. The whip smut disease usually perpetuates from one season to another through propagative material andor pathogen propagules present in the soil, which serve as a source of primary infection. A happened due to import or introduction of pinus strobus from the usa. Pdf importance and status of sugarcane smut ustilago.
Saccharum officinarum against ustilago scietaminae. Themeda belongs to the grass tribe andropogoneae in the subfamily paniceae. Themeda is parasitized by 17 species in the ustilago sporisoriummacalpinomyces complex, which includes four types of soral morphology fig. Relationships between phenolicsconjugated polyamines and sensitivity of. Transcriptome profile analysis of sugarcane responses to sporisorium scitaminea infection using solexa. Waller national agricultural laboratories, nairobi, kenya with i textfigure ustilago scitaminea infects sugarcane plants through buds. Outbreak of heteroecious blister rust of pine cronartium ribicola in europe and the u. Pdf control of sugarcane smut ustilago scitaminea syd. According to one study, the type of resistance is a single gene resistance at the n52219 gene site. Sugarcane smut was first reported from natal in south africa mcmartin, 1945. Mannosylerythritol lipids mels are a glycolipid class of biosurfactants produced by a variety yeast and fungal strains that exhibit excellent interfacial and biochemical properties.
Brumbley1 bses limited, indooroopilly1 and woodford3. Sugarcane smut ustilago scitaminea is the most prevalent and serious disease of sugarcane in nigeria. Pdf on jan 1, 2007, rocio santiago and others published biochemical responses of sugarcane plants to smut ustilago scitaminea. The primary mycelium consists of hyaline, slender, septate hyphae with. Select the seed material from the disease free plots. Assessment of yield loss due to sugarcane smut ustilago. A successful fungicide treatment that aided in the produc. Seven sugarcane saccharum interspecific hybrids clones were inoculated in a containment sugarcane clones. There was an increase in the ascorbic acid content in leaf, bud, apical. Sugarcane is a rich source of vitaminc ascorbic acid besides sugar. To improve transformation efficiency, a range of conditions, including the codonusage preference of the selection marker gene, promoters and. Barbados 42231 with teliospores of ustilago scitaminea changes the pattern of polyamine conjugation in several organs of 2monthold plants. A rapid staining technique was developed to demonstrate hyphae of ustilago scitaminea in the growing point of nodal buds ofsugarcane saccharum spp.
The corn pathogen ustilago maydis requires its host plant maize for development and completion of its sexual cycle. Ijms free fulltext proteomic analysis of the resistance. It is essential that seed cane of this cultivar be free or nearly free of this disease to maximize its yield potential. Sugarcane smut disease, caused by the basidiomycete fungus sporisorium scitamineum syn. Ustilago scitaminea is the causal agent of sugarcane smut disease. Phytopathological papers, commonwealth mycological institute, 36 pp. Some important diseases and pests of sugarcane in nigeria. Establishment of an in vitro regeneration system as a milestone for genetic transformation of sugarcane saccharum officinarum against ustilago scietaminae. Mctaggart et al ustilagosporisoriummacalpinomyces complex 57 in sorosporium and ustilago have since been reclassi. To accomplish mel production from glucose and sucrose, known mel producers, p. Transactions of the british mycological society 52.
Gerak pada tumbuhan tumbuhan dapat melakukan gerak seperti halnya hewan, yang disebabkan oleh adanya rangsangan dari luar gerak pada tumbuhan sangat lambat sehingga tidak terlihat oleh mata dan tetap berada di tempat tumbuhnya. We describe a model of how the mig2 cluster might have evolved and discuss its possible role in governing host interaction. Ustilago, the largest genus of the family ustilaginaceae is represented by more than 400 cosmopolitan species. Improved dominant selection markers and coculturing. Smut ustilago scitaminea symptoms it is a culmiculous smut. Pdf sugarcane smut ustilago scitaminea is considered as the most. Ustilago scitaminea infects sugarcane plants through buds. Plant disease epidemiology meaning and importance, difference. A recent outbreak of sugarcane smut in a 40acre field in guyana was treated. The spores germinate in wet conditions on the plant surface and infect the plant through the buds eyes. The affected plants are stunted and the central shoot is converted. All species are parasitic and infect the floral parts of wheat, barley, oat, maize, sugarcane, bajra, rye and wild grasses. Plant disease epidemiology meaning and importance, difference between simple and compound interest diseases factors affecting plant disease epidemics host, pathogen, environment and time factor edpidemiology or epiphytology is the study of the outbreak of disease, its course. The occurrence of sugarcane smut ustilago scitaminea syd.
In this article we will discuss about the life cycle of ustilago with the help of suitable diagrams. Similar to other species of ustilago, the sugarcane smut fungus is a parasite of young meristematic tissues an d gains entry into the host, exclusively through the bud scales fawcett, 1942. The fungus infects plants mainly through germinating buds in the soil or buds on standing. In this study, we developed a taqman realtime pcr assay using specific primers beqfbeqr and a taqman probe beqp which were designed based on the be b east mating type gene. Philippines a technical paper presented at asian conference in plant pathology acpp held in darwin, australia on april 2729, 2011. Sugarcane smut ustilagoscitaminea, red rot glomerellatucumanensis, sugarcane leaf blast paraphaeosphaeriamichotil. Differentiation of ustilago scitaminea isolates in. Sugarcane smut or ustilago scitaminea sydow is caused by the fungus sporisorium scitamineum. This parasitic fungus switches from the nonpathogenic haploid form to a pathogenic filamentous form due to the mating of haploid cells. We have identified the fungal mig21 gene as being specifically expressed during this biotrophic stage. The most likely source of this infection was thought to be wind blown spores from indonesia.
Importance and status of sugarcane smut ustilago scitaminea in the ethiopian sugar estates article pdf available in indian journal of agricultural sciences 20. Evidence for the dispersal of a unique lineage from asia to america and africa in the sugarcane fungal pathogen ustilago scitaminea article pdf available in fungal genetics and biology 441. Control of sugarcane smut ustilago scitaminea syd disease in nigeria and suggestions for an integrated pest management approach a. Efforts made so far to check its destructive effects on the growing sugarcane industry have centred on use of singlestrategy controls. Production of glycolipid biosurfactants, mannosylerythritol. L against ustilago scitaminea naweed anjum, siddra ijaz, iqrar ahmad rana, tariq. Plantdisease66n10 932 american phytopathological society. Taxa in the ustilago sporisoriummacalpinomyces complex should not be unified under ustilago. Ustilago maydis rely on plants to complete their life cycles. The genus was characterised by compact, hard, irregularly. Furthermore this study talked about several different strains or races of ustilago scitaminea.
Transcriptome profile analysis of sugarcane responses to. Sugarcane quarantine facility about 45 miles to the southeast. This paper correlates the sensitivity or resistance to smut with changes in sugarcane leaf levels of free phenolic compounds, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase. This document is ssagr208, one of a series of the agronomy department, florida cooperative extension service, institute of food and agricultural. Pdf biochemical responses of sugarcane plants to smut. Hence, an attempt was made to investigate the ascorbic acid content in smut affected stalks in two sugarcane varieties viz. Furthermore, the related ustilago scitaminea strain, which is pathogenic on sugar cane, appears to lack the mig2 cluster. Pdf isolation and characterisation of some endophytic. Waller national agricultural laboratories, nairobi, kenya with i textfigure ustilago scitaminea infects.
Ustilago scitaminea ustilaginaceae hear species info. Total random primers of 10 bp were occupied in analyses of molecular diversity by random amplified polymorphic dna or rapd. The affected canes produce long, black whiplike and coiled or curved shoots, which are covered with a thin silvery membrane, containing masses of chlamydospores of the fungus. According to the nuclear behaviour, the mycelium of ustilago passes through two distinct stages of development. Ppt sugarcane diseases powerpoint presentation free to. Without a fossil record for smut fungi, we calibrated the. This seedcane was free shortly after planting is likely to be an important factor in from. Schenck summary smut disease of sugarcane is caused by a fungus, ustilago scitaminea.
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